Teaching Argument Evaluation in An Introductory...

Teaching Argument Evaluation in An Introductory Philosophy Course ABSTRACT: One of the greatest challenges in teaching an introductory philosophy course is convincing students that there are, indeed, reliable standards for the evaluation of arguments. Too often introductory students criticize an argument simply by contesting the truth of one of its claims. And far too often, the only claim in an argument that meets serious objections is its conclusion. For many students, the idea that an argument displays a structure which can be evaluated on its own terms is not very difficult to grasp. Unfortunately, the idea is grasped only in an abstract way, with insufficient appreciation of how structural problems manifest themselves in concrete†¦show more content†¦The introductory philosophy students inability to recognize argument structure presents us with a problem that cannot be addressed simply by teaching logic. The problem that confronts us addresses a fundamental pedagogical concern: Our task is to instill in the student the habit of clear thinking. When we send our students out into the world, we have to make sure that theyre prepared for it. This is not simply a matter of providing them with tools. Weve looked at logic that way — and weve approached teaching logic that way — for far too long. Certainly logic may be employed as a tool; it can serve as an incredibly powerful tool, as we who teach it know full well. But its not logic per se that we should be concerned with in our introductory courses. We want to teach our students how to think clearly and responsibly. There is certainly a moral edge to this view of the situation, and the manner in which we approach our pedagogical concern will not be without further philosophical prejudice. Ours is Aristotelian. We have found that giving our students the basics of term logic serves our purpose well. We do not introduce it as a tool for argument analysis — a strong case can easily be made for the superiority of truth-functional logic in that respect — we present it, rather, in the way that a kindergarten teacher brings toys into the classroom. And we make it clear that term logic has limitations — its not an all-purpose tool.Show MoreRelated Teaching an Applied Critical Thinking Course: How Applied Can We Get?3266 Words   |  14 PagesTeaching an Applied Critical Thinking Course: How Applied Can We Get? ABSTRACT: Encouraging students to apply classroom knowledge in their personal, everyday life is a major problem confronting many teachers of critical thinking. For example, while a student might recognize an ad hominem argument in a classroom exercise, it is quite another thing for him or her to avoid the same in interpersonal relations, say with parents, siblings, and peers. One approach to this problem is the creation ofRead More Teaching the Philosophy of Science with Non-Scientific Examples3683 Words   |  15 PagesTeaching the Philosophy of Science with Non-Scientific Examples ABSTRACT: This essay explores the benefits of utilizing non-scientific examples and analogies in teaching philosophy of science courses, or general introductory courses. These examples can help resolve two basic difficulties faced by most instructors, especially when teaching lower-level courses: first, they can prompt students to take an active interest in the class material, since the examples will involve aspects of the cultureRead MoreMaseno Youth Polytechnics Curriculum in Kenya10796 Words   |  44 Pagesfulfillment for the requirement of the award of Master of Philosophy Degree in Curriculum Development: Department of Curriculum Instructional and Educational Media, School Of Education; Moi University. AUGUST 2010 ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to establish the extend to which Tyler rationale (1949) theory of curriculum development is observed in the curriculum offering at a special institution in a course in the study of Master of Philosophy Degree in Curriculum Development in this case MasenoRead MoreEssay on Summary of Ornstein6963 Words   |  28 PagesDevelopment Chapter 8. Curriculum Design Chapter 9. Aims, Goals, and Objectives Chapter 10. Curriculum Implementation Chapter 11. Curriculum Evaluation Part III. Issues of Curriculum Chapter 12. Curriculum Issues and Trends Chapter 13. Future Directions for Curriculum [pic] Chapter 1. The word curriculum comes from the Latin word currus, meaning a race course or a chariot, and from a Latin verb meaning to run. Its etymology is related to that of the curule chair, the special seat that only theRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesThornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL AS Sociology to make photocopies for their own or their students’ immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who commits any unauthorised actRead MoreThe Effect Of Practical Work On Students Performance9732 Words   |  39 PagesOF PRACTICAL WORK ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN MURANG’A EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA. MUCHAI AUGUSTINE NG’ETHE REG. No. E83/20087/2012 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this research thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university/Read MoreInternational Business Environment6667 Words   |  27 PagesCommercial Banks, trading internationally from US GB. TEACHING LEARNING METHODS Teaching learning will take place through a series of core lectures and programmed learning activities undertaken in seminar workshops. Students will have a learning opportunity to participate as team members by presenting findings from case studies through short presentations with interactive questions and answers and class discussion to broaden the teaching and learning experience. This will provide formative feedbackRead MoreThe Philosophy of Happiness11705 Words   |  47 PagesChapter 1 The Philosophy of Happiness Aristotle on Happiness Since the earliest days of Western thought philosophers have concerned themselves with the nature of happiness. One of the earliest to ask the question ‘what is happiness?’ was Aristotle, who, in a manner typical of philosophers, before providing an answer insisted on making a distinction between two different questions. His first question was what was meant by the word ‘happiness’—or rather, its ancient Greek equivalent eudaimonia. HisRead MoreService Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Public and Private Universities in Tanzania22790 Words   |  92 Pagesand private universities have taken in a bid to satisfy perceptions of the students through different aspects like Academic advising, Attitudes and expectations, Campus climate, Career development, Computer laboratories and libraries, Curriculum, Teaching and research activities. 1.2 Statement of the Problem With the increasing competition amongst higher education institutions to attract students, â€Å"quality† has emerged as a theme to be adopted by both the private and public universitiesRead MoreMarketing Mix Revisited11165 Words   |  45 Pagesformal operational marketing planning based on the 4P paradigm much more than the market followers^. The wide acceptance of the Mix among field marketers is the result of their profound exposure to this concept during college years, since most introductory marketing manuals embrace it as the heart of their structure (Cowell 1984) and identify the 4Ps as the controllable parameters likely to influence the consumer buying process and decisions (Kotler 2003; Brassington and Pettitt 2003). An additional

Nutrition and Fitness Paper - 787 Words

Nutrition and Fitness Paper SCI/100 PARADIGMS OF HEALTH Start Date: July 27, 2010 Instructor: Dr. Kathy Ebener By: Brooklyn Hernandez My current fitness is what I would consider to be average. I work a forty hour work week like most average Americans. My job keeps me moving a lot, and home life keeps me on my toes even more. I have two toddlers that I have to run behind on a daily basis. Nutritious habits, isn’t my area of expertise. I love food, and even joke that I have a fat kid that lives inside of me. I eat what I want to eat, when I want to eat it. I hardly ever eat breakfast. I usually only eat two meals a day, and some snacks too. I try to eat a well-balanced dinner with all the food groups, meats, veggies, grains, and sometimes†¦show more content†¦We as an American culture tend to eat more then we should at one setting alone. This tends to bring on obesity as well, over time this expands our mind set to eat and we can overdue it. Cutting out soft drinks will help me in many ways. One way will be my inner and outer health. No one likes to give the doctor yellow urine; cutting out the soft d rinks and drinking more water will help with that issue. Cutting out soft drinks also cuts down on the amount of caffeine to my body; this will also help with less acne on my face. Fitness is always a great way to promote healthy weight. Physical activities such as walking around the neighborhood, parking the car farthest from the entry doors, and taking the stairs instead of the elevator; are just a few types of physical fitness. If I incorporate these activities in to my daily schedule, this will help me keep and maintain a healthy weight. By doing any type of fitness will help with cardio and burning off calories; these are the items one needs to keep a healthy weight. Eating healthy snacks gives you energy with less calories on you intake. Eating smaller portions prevents you from over eating; when you’re done you’re done. This will help me stay steady on my weight gain. Cutting out soft drinks will help cut out sodium and sugar, these two items create lots weight gain. Over the entire path I’ve created above will help me with a healthier life style. I’m not super woman and it takes baby stepsShow MoreRelatedFitness and Nutrition Paper853 Words   |  4 PagesFitness and Nutrition Paper University of Phoenix Paradigms of Health / SCI 100 Fitness and Nutrition Paper Fitness and nutritional habits should be more enforced in today’s society; especially in the United States. The general public as a whole is less healthy the prior days. People are not as active, make poor eating choices, are indoors more often and always on the run. This is the results to an unhealthy culture. By changing our day to day habits by incorporating healthy meal planningRead MoreObesity As A Health Issue Essay782 Words   |  4 Pageshas grown slowly, meaning that it is a condition that has become very entwined with American society and way of life. It is crucial for efforts to be made within the country, neighborhoods, schools, and communities in order to make a change. This paper will discuss obesity as a health issue, propose a project to help combat obesity among children and adults in Eastside Riverside, California, and include literature mentioning similar projects, expected results, and implications of this project forRead MoreSuccess And Sustainabilit y Of The Boot Camp Fitness Club1530 Words   |  7 PagesThere are numerous health and fitness competitors located in the Monroe, LA area. It will be critical for our business to fully understand these competitors for the success and sustainability of the boot camp fitness club offering nutritional workshops. This paper will identify various characteristics of a major competitor, Planet Fitness, including its strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, based on this external analysis, opportunities and threats in the environment of our new business willRead MoreThe Louisiana Department Of Health And Hospitals778 Words   |  4 PagesThe Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals will be examined in this investigative research paper. Their mission according to their website, â€Å"is to protect and promote health and ensure access to medical preventive and rehabilitative services for all citizens of the State of Louisiana.† Their organizational goals are to provide quality s ervices. As well protect and promote health, develop and stimulate services by others. Lastly, in order to fulfill its mission utilize available resources inRead MoreEssay on The Complete Beginner’s Guide in Getting Personal Trainers636 Words   |  3 PagesGetting into a fitness regime is not as easy as everyone thinks. There are many individuals who’ve gotten a 6-month gym membership or who’ve pledged to go through a 90-day workout program only to be not seen in the gym after the first month or to go back to their daily routine after the first week. For these individuals what they need is a push to get them working through the fitness program and to keep them motivated. A personal trainer can be this push. The success of your fitness program is dependentRead MoreAnalysis Of Definebody Products, Its Market, And A Successful Interview With Charles El Moussa Essay1500 Words   |  6 PagesMoussa, a Definebody staffmember, Better Business Consultants created a report with suggestions and strategies on how to carry out the future of the of Definebody products and new ideas on how to grow the franchise, new technologies, and new trends in fitness. It s a puzzling scenario for sure, but the simple explanation is that businesses succeeding in marketing are those with a clear, undeniable perspective...or in other words, a strong brand. Company Analysis Summary Definebody healthy market consistsRead MoreBenefits Of Using A Fitness1383 Words   |  6 PagesLifestyle Analysis Paper The following paper will cover the benefits of using a fitness app to keep track of nutritional intake, exercise and setting goals. I will be discussing the average of weekly nutrition intake for three days per week (including one weekend day) over three weeks. Also, how my diet and exercise has changed after using the app. Lastly, how using a personal action plan has assisted me in setting goals and putting them into action to make lifestyle changes. MyFitnessPal App MakingRead MoreThe Effects Of Fitness And Health On A Workplace1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Fitness and Health in a Workplace Introduction This paper discusses how health and fitness are crucial to living a happy and productive lifestyle. It includes descriptions of what exercise, nutrition, and mental health is, as well as how living a healthy or unhealthy lifestyle effects the body. A healthy lifestyle can influence one`s work and daily life as it can increase a person’s confidence, mood, creativity, attendance and efficiency. On the other hand, an unhealthy one can resultRead MoreNutrition Is The Basic Process Of Providing The Human Body With The Necessary Food For Health And Growth1611 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nutrition is the basic process of providing the human body with the necessary food for health and growth. While this might seem to be a simple concept, nutrition is exceedingly complex and affects many areas of an individual’s life. One of these areas is exercise. Diet is considered one of the most influential components in improving athletic performance. Optimal nutrition can enhance (a) physical activity, (b) athletic performance and (c) recovery from exercise (Manroe, M.M., BarrRead MoreTools of Evolutionary Biology Summary687 Words   |  3 PagesTOOLS OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY SUMMARY Research Paper Citation : JOHNSON, J. C., MILES, L. S., TRUBL, P. J. HAGENMAIER, A. 2014. Maternal effects on egg investment and offspring performance in black widow spiders. Animal Behaviour, 91, 67-73. Q.1 The study addressed questions like what effects maternal foraging success would have on maternal body condition, fecundity, egg investment and whether an abundance in prey for the mother would have positive effects on offspring traits like shapes

Chronic Illness And Disease Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chronic Illness And Disease Management. Answer: Introduction The current topic focuses on the aspect of chronic condition and disease management in the ones suffering from acute stages of illness. In this respect, health promotion strategies could be implemented in order to provide the support user with better self-managerial skills. The chronic condition management requires that sufficient amount of education be provided to the patients regarding management of lifestyles and habits. The pattern of lifestyle adopted by an individual has sufficient impact upon the present health conditions of an individual. The assignment further focuses upon the importance of implementing of a person centred approach along with the policy of making informed choices. The person centred approach provides sufficient autonomy to the health care and support service users. Additionally, involvement of the family members of the patient helps in the addressing the policy of informed decision making. The assignment also focuses upon the impact of management of symptoms of the chronic disease by providing the patient with sufficient health education. Overview of chosen clients health condition The current study focuses on the chronic illness suffered by a 62-year-old man Mr George Polaris. He was admitted to the hospital with breath shortness, fever, and cough. Originally, he was treated and given medication for chronic chest infection. However, conducting a series of test and exams confirmed that George was a patient of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and had a long history of Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). Though, stable enough George had been long complaining of shortness of a breath and persistent cough to his registered nurse and GP. On further inquiry, George reported that he had been a chain smoker ever since 14 years of age. Reportedly, George had no allergies or disposition to any drinking problems. George had been suffering from COPD and GERD both of which are long term and chronic sickness. Therefore, the patient here needs to be put under a comprehensive care plan addressing the long terms health needs of the patient. Both GERD and COPD are overlapping diseases and could be related to the smoking addiction possessed by George. The present health condition of George could be related to the presence of relapse of the symptoms of GERD which might further trigger the condition of COPD in him. Self-management of chronic condition through health education In the present context, George Polaris is a 62-year-old man suffering from comorbid conditions of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Gastric Oesophageal Reflux Disorder (GORD). An assessment of the health habits of George the GP attending George found out that George has been a compulsive smoker. He has a habit of smoking at least 20 cigarettes a day, which can have profound effects on his present condition of health. Smoking damages the air sacs, airways and the lining of the lungs. Injured lungs often affect the breathing or respiration rate of the patient, thus severely disrupting the inhalation and the exhalation rate(Monteiro, 2015). On testing and analysis, the respiration rate of George has been found to be at 22 breaths per minute. However, the normal rates of respiration have been recorded at 22 breaths per minute for Mr George Polaris. This could be attributed to the presence of lung functioning disorder in the patient. Additionally, smoking can also have seve re impacts on the functioning of the stomach sphincter muscles which aids in digestion(Schwarzer, 2014). The nicotine contained in cigarettes has been found to have a profound effect on the process of digestion. The nicotine has been found to relax the sphincter muscles of the stomach which prevent reflux of the stomach acid and undigested food products back into the oesophagus. Additionally, eating spicy and sugar rich food has been found to aggravate the problem of indigestion and backflow of stomach acid into the oesophagus(Flodgren, 2015). Therefore, the patient needs to be provided with sufficient education about the health care practices and lifestyle changes which could bring about positive changes in the health of the patient. The patient should be provided with healthy alternatives by educating them about the health benefits of exercises. The addictive levels of smoking can culminate into more serious and lethal concerns such as lung cancer(Bauer, 2014). Reports and evidence have shown that of the 7000 chemicals found in smoking, 250 have been found to be harmful and 69 out of them can have more serious outcomes(Kennedy, 2013). However, as reported by sufficient research and findings smoking can trigger COPD or make situations of COPD even worse. Smoking could also be related to lowering the pressure on the sphincter muscle of the stomach. This aggravates the condition of acid reflux in people and the inhaled smoke had often been seen to produce severe consequences like stomach cancer. Therefore, the facts and the outcomes need to be presented to the patients in order to educate them sufficiently regarding the alternative and holistic life approaches which could be utilised for optimum health promotion(Kr use, 2015). Thus, the local hospitals could organise health care campaigns along with video presentation to educate the patients of the severe health implication of smoking. The support from a wide number of health care channels along with state and federal level government can help in meeting the health challenges faced in providing effective care and treatment services to care service users like George. Moreover, George had reportedly worked in a construction factory which means that he has repeated exposure to some of the heavy metals such as silica, asbestos, etc. These metals have been found to get deposited within the lungs on exposure above the threshold level. Thus, in a concentration higher than the threshold levels the chemicals have been found to cause severe respiratory disorders such as cirrhosis of the lungs(Dantic, 2014). Therefore, George needs to be educated about the precautionary measures which he could implement within his own workplace to prevent severe lung infection or aggravating conditions of the COPD. In this context, George could use an air pollution control mask in order to prevent the inhalation of the harmful chemicals. Moreover, he should be explained about the health benefits of sanitation and hygiene measures which could control the harm caused by such chemicals. Client education strategies A number of evidence based practices could be implemented in order to provide effective care and treatment plan to the ones receiving care for chronic and long term conditions. In this respect, the patient had been suffering from a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the registered nurse needs to implement a number of evidence based teaching methods in order to enlighten the care and support service users regarding the prevention and control method of chronic diseases. In this context, a participant group could be developed consisting of the patient receiving care services for COPD along with the doctors and other health care professionals(Ni, 2014). The setting of the promotional strategies could be on the local streets or markets, which are maximum crowd pullers. Thus, mass media campaign could be organised where effective pamphlets and posters could be designed educating the masses about the consequences of being addicted to tobacco. The campaigns should be de signed with an aim of providing additional knowledge and education to the community regarding the potential uses of tobacco(Stellefson, 2014). The intervention in this regard could be followed by quitline interventions where the patient suffering from tobacco addictions could be provided with evidence based behavioural and counselling support. The counselling sessions could be continued for a period of one or more months. Additionally, the involvement of the expert health professionals helps in providing additional levels of support. The management of the symptoms of GERD through sufficient health education is dependent upon the severity of the condition in the patient. The management of the GERD symptoms could be controlled by adopting two of the approaches such as the Step up approaches and Step-down approaches. The Step-up approaches basically begin with lifestyle changes where dietary measures could be taken in order to prevent the excessive formation of acid in the stomach. This may further prevent the reflux of the corrosive into the oesophagus. Therefore, the patient should be provided with sufficient information regarding various aspects of lifestyle management. The nurses, as well as the GP looking after the care concern of patients like George, need to provide the patient with proper guidelines regarding diet types, which need to be avoided for the management and control of GERD related symptoms. Report and evidence have suggested that lowering the amount segregated drinks and beverages along with cutti ng down on smoking can bring upon positive improvement in the conditions management of GERD(Pulvirenti, 2014). Evidence based practice focuses upon breaking down the meals into small amounts to be taken at regular intervals(Lou, 2015). Additionally, the patients should be provided with sufficient knowledge about Stepping down mechanism. The method mainly employs the pharmacological intervention for controlling the excess formation of acid in the stomach of the patient. The patient could be presented through sufficient knowledge by organising educational seminars regarding the use of acid blockers, which are over the counter available medications such as antacids ranitidine cimetidine, etc. These work by blocking the action of histamine which is responsible for pepsin and gastric juice secretion. Justification of the education strategies The health education strategies need to be designed as per the requirements of the patient. In this respect the patient, i.e. Goerge Polaris had been suffering from comorbid conditions of COPD as well as GERD. Further analysis of the condition of the patient had suggested that he had exposure to certain harmful metals in his construction factory. The patient had been a chain smoker and also possesses gastric reflux disorder. Therefore, educating the patient about the effects of the practices upon the health along with emphasising upon the implementation of light exercises in the daily schedule of the patient could help in reducing the dependency on nicotine and can serve as a healthy alternative. Additionally, the patient had a long history of GERD which further made his COPD worse. Therefore, the patient should be provided with immediate measures to help him stop smoking. Therefore, organising educational seminars and campaigns along with effective counselling and support could help in the management of the long term condition of the patient(Welsh, 2015). Conclusion The current assignment focuses on addressing the health challenges associated with long term care and management of illness which is chronic in nature. In the present context, the patient had been suffering from COPD and GERD. Thus, both the conditions require long term care management plans. However, on analysing the current health status of the patient one could evaluate that the patient lacked much information and sufficient knowledge about the management of his present health condition. Therefore, there is a need to educate the patients regarding self-managerial skills. Thus, educating the client in aspect of self-management often plays a pivotal role in the provision of sufficient autonomy to the support users. Additionally, the involvement of the family members of the support service users can help in the management of such chronic conditions. Therefore, educating the patients experiencing chronic illness patterns could be done with the help of the implementation of community d evelopment programs along with generation of more awareness in the patients regarding the complexity of a particular disease. Thus, presenting the patients with a surplus amount of information could help in providing with ample alternative options which could be used by them for better management of their health issues. In this respect, a number of strategies and options could be exercised in order to provide the required amount of information to the patient and his family. The information could be provided with the help of organising campaigns educating the masses regarding the benefits offered by healthy lifestyle options. Additionally, organising community development programs could help in generating positive and holistic lifestyle management initiatives. Bibliography Bauer, U. E. (2014). Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA. The Lancet, 384(9937), , 45-52. Dantic, D. E. (2014). A critical review of the effectiveness of teach-backtechnique in teaching COPD patients self-management using respiratory inhalers. Health Education Journal, 73(1), , 41-50. Flodgren, G. R. (2015). Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. US: The Cochrane Library. Kennedy, A. B.-G. (2013). Implementation of self management support for long term conditions in routine primary care settings: cluster randomised controlled trial. Bmj, 346 , f2882. Kruse, C. S. (2015). Patient and provider attitudes toward the use of patient portals for the management of chronic disease: a systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 17(2) , 15-25. Lou, P. C. (2015). A COPD health management program in a community-based primary care setting: a randomized controlled tria. Respiratory care, 60(1), , 102-112. Monteiro, M. C. (2015). Knowledge about COPD among users of primary health care service. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , 15-25. Ni, Z. . (2014). Effect of WeChat on compliance of COPD patients after discharge. Modern Clinical Nursing, 5, , 19. Pulvirenti, M. M. (2014). Empowerment, patient centred care and self?managemen. Health Expectations, 17(3), , 303-310. Schwarzer, R. (2014). Self-efficacy: Thought control of action. . New Jersey: Taylor Francis. Stellefson, M. C. (2014). Heuristic evaluation of online COPD respiratory therapy and education video resource cente. TELEMEDICINE and e-HEALTH, 20(10), , 972-976. Welsh, S. M. (2015). The champion for improved delivery of care to older people in long?term care settings: effects on professional practicequality of care and resident outcomes. . US: The Cochrane Library.

Romeo And Juliet Vs. The Miracle Worker Essays - Film, Literature

Romeo And Juliet Vs. The Miracle Worker ?Relationship between Romeo and Juliet and Annie and Helen? Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play written by William Shakespeare. It is a love story between two rival families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Romeo who is a Montague falls in love with Juliet who happens to be a Capulet. It is love at first sight, but if their parents find out there will be no way that Romeo will ever see Juliet again. The Miracle Worker is another play that we read. It is about a little girl named Helen Keller who is both deaf and blind. Her parents pity her and let her do whatever she wants. They want to be able to communicate with her so they write a doctor in Baltimore for help. The doctor sends Annie Sullivan to help Helen, which is worth it because she finally gets Helen to be polite and talk. Three people from Romeo and Juliet compare to three people in The Miracle Worker. To begin with, the Montagues and the Capulets along with Mr. and Mrs. Keller and Annie are the first similar group of people. Because the two families disliked each other so much, it kept their children from being able to date each other openly. It forced their children to keep secrets from their parents and made it hard to see each other. The parents in The Miracle Worker are pretty much the same. Mr. and Mrs. Keller didn't like the way Annie was handling and taking care of Helen. They almost made Annie quit teaching because of that. Annie made Helen eat with a fork instead of her fingers. When she wouldn't hold the fork Annie forced her to hold it. The Kellers didn't like this and told Annie to let Helen eat however she wanted but Annie wanted Helen to learn the proper way to eat and behave. Annie was very strict and made disciplined Helen well. Next there are two people who were dependable and friendly to Romeo and Juliet and Annie and Helen. For example Friar Laurence knew all about the marriage between Romeo and Juliet because he is the one who married them. He thought that if they got married it would end the feuds between the families. In addition he also came up the plan for Juliet to drink the potion to make it look like she was dead and when Romeo came it would look like he save her so the Capulet family would like him. James, Captain Keller's son by his first marriage was the only one who believed in Annie at first. For instance he was the first to see Annie teach Helen the alphabet and also got the ladder for Annie when Helen locked her in the room. Also James lets Annie take Helen to the pump by telling Mr. Keller to let Annie teach Helen her way and that for once he is wrong and Annie can successfully teach Helen. Finally the last two people that influenced the relationships are the Nurse and Doctor. The Nurse knew about the relationship between Romeo and Juliet and could have told someone but never did. If she told someone of their marriage she could have saved the two kids lives. Even though the nurse tried to get Juliet to like Paris she couldn't get her to because she loved Romeo. The doctor told the Kellers that he's never seen a baby with more vitality, which was untrue. However he tells them it was only acute congestion. After he leaves, Mrs. Keller tries to get Helen's attention, but she can't because Helen can't hear or see. If the doctor had been better he would have noticed she was mute and told them before or try to save her. Although two different authors wrote the plays in two different times they still have qualities that can be compared. They all have plots, climaxes and settings. Shakespeare's words and way of writing was more advanced than William Gibson's but they both have good work. Romeo and Juliet's ending wasn't happy like Annie and Helen's but in the end they both got what they wanted. Romeo and Juliet were finally together and the families

United Arab Emirates Foreign Policy toward Iran

Factors Andories On Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay Example

Factors Andories On Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay Example Factors Andories On Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay Factors Andories On Climate Change An Environmental Sciences Essay Climate alteration is a long-run alteration in the statistical distribution of conditions forms over periods of clip that range from decennaries to 1000000s of old ages. It may be a alteration in the mean conditions conditions or a alteration in the distribution of conditions events with regard to an norm, for illustration, greater or fewer utmost conditions events. Climate alteration may be limited to a specific part, or may happen across the whole Earth. In recent use, particularly in the context of environmental policy, climate alteration normally refers to alterations in modern clime. It may be qualified as anthropogenetic clime alteration, more by and large known as planetary heating or anthropogenetic planetary heating. Global heating is the addition in the mean temperature of Earth s near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its jutting continuance. Harmonizing to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , planetary surface temperature increased 0.74A A ±A 0.18A A °C during the twentieth century. Most of the ascertained temperature addition since the center of the twentieth century has been caused by increasing concentrations of nursery gasses, which result from human activity such as the combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation. Global dimming, a consequence of increasing concentrations of atmospheric aerosols that block sunlight from making the surface, has partly countered the effects of warming induced by nursery gases. ( United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2009-01-14. ) Difference between clime and conditions Some people get confused between whether and climate. The difference between them both is the step of clip. Weather is what conditions of the ambiance are over a short period of clip, and clime is how the atmosphere behaves over comparatively long periods of clip. Climate can be tropical, mid-altitudinal, semitropical, north-polar, subarctic, humid continental, Mediterranean, monsoon, desert and tropical wet-dry. The article Global Heating Effectss shows the different effects of planetary heating. It starts off by discoursing the lifting sea degrees in which he states that In the twentieth century the world-wide mean temperature climbed 0.6 grades Celsius. As these lifting temperatures melt ice, particularly in Greenland and Antarctica, and make thermic enlargement which fundamentally means that all objects have a inclination to alter in volume due to a alteration in temperature. Thermal enlargement steps this alteration in objects as a consequence of alteration in temperature. Due to this the sea degrees will lift to be 20 inches to three pess higher than their current degree by the terminal of the century than they are today. Four of the universe s 20 metropoliss most vulnerable to sea degree rise are in the United States particularly coastal metropoliss such as New York, Virginia Beach, Miami and New Orleans. Not all coastal countries would see an equal addition in sea level-some might s ee an addition far above the planetary norm, while others would see a sea degree autumn. This is followed by a reappraisal on clime alteration refugees. He states that the people affected by lifting sea degrees will travel inland in big Numberss. Mass migrations neer come easy, particularly when they involve some of the universe s poorest, with Vietnam, Bangladesh, China, India, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria and Egypt expected to be hit particularly difficult by lifting Waterss. It is estimated by scientists that about 200 million people could be affected by sea degree rise by the twelvemonth 2050. Then comes, aggregate extinctions of worlds every bit good as animate beings and migrations. The writer states that the polar bear being a species that has become the posting kid for the effects of planetary heating. Polar bears have started submerging as they have had to swim longer distances between ice flows, and the U.S. Geological Survey has predicted that if the Arctic ice ness continues runing at its current rate, two-thirds of the universe s polar bear sub-populations will be nonextant by mid-century. It is non merely the polar bear that is affected-one survey predicts that a one-fourth of land animate beings and workss could go nonextant because of planetary heating over the following 45 old ages. It is non merely the polar bear that is affected-one survey predicts that a one-fourth of land animate beings and workss could go nonextant because of planetary heating over the following 45 old ages. After that there is a reappraisal on loss of coral reefs. Corals get their nutrient from algae called zooxanthellae, which lives in the coral. This algae is highly sensitive to temperature alterations, and an addition of merely 1.8 grades FahrenheitaˆÂ ¦ can do corals to throw out their algae, or bleach . Over a drawn-out period of clip, decoloring leads to decease. The writer besides states that due to an addition in atmospheric C dioxide the oceans are going more and more acidic due to which the coral reefs are in danger This is followed by accent on stronger hurricanes. The ocean s warm H2O vapour fuels hurricanes, and as that H2O gets warmer the sum of vaporization additions, therefore fueling more powerful storms. 1990, the universe has had about 18 class 4 or 5 storms per twelvemonth. Then the treatment faces towards temblors, vents and landslides. The writer discusses that as ice thaws, force per unit area on parts of the Earth s crust will be relieved, while lifting sea degrees will increase force per unit area on coastal parts worldwide. This could hold deductions of seismal proportions. Professor Bill McGuire, Director of the University College London Hazard Research Centre, observes that past postglacial periods were full of increased seismal activity as subdivisions of the crust antecedently burdened by ice rise in a procedure known as isostatic recoil . In other words, runing ice could take to more temblors and tsunamis. Avalanches will besides increase as runing snow is loosened. Global heating could besides increase the frequence of volcanic eruptions. Surveies in Iceland suggest a nexus between reduced ice burden and volcanic eruption, mentioning the increased volcanic activity at the terminal of the last Ice Age. This is followed by a header of sweaty axillas and more umbrellas in which the writer states that it is a 90 per centum opportunity that weather extremes will be experienced. Heat moving ridges and heavy precipitation will go common. The article ends with the reappraisal on economic effects of planetary heating. Coral reefs supply about $ 375 billion each twelvemonth in nutrient and touristry income. Yes, planetary heating is an economic affair every bit good. As of now, no 1 can perfectly foretell what the economic or other effects of planetary heating will look like. ( King 2010 ) It is a really good article for understanding the effects of planetary heating on the whole universe. It informs us that due to a rise in temperature sea degrees will lift. Peoples will be affected by the rise of seas and will migrate to inlands. The writer has besides discussed about the alteration is behaviours and lives of workss and animate beings. He has told that planetary heating has caused extinctions of some animate beings and workss and migrations of others. He has besides told about the addition of C dioxide in the sea and its menaces. He has besides told about the extremes in the conditions and economic effects which occur due to planetary heating. It is a good article but it lacks detailing of all the facts stated in it. It besides lacks the causes of planetary heating. These facts stated will be hard to understand for a individual who is non cognizant of what planetary heating is because the writer has used specific footings alternatively of general footings. There coul d be a batch more things that could hold been stated in this article in item. In short, this article is hard to construe by a general unknowledged reader and requires more inside informations and generalisations. The writer has besides left the effects of planetary warming on economic system equivocal. It needs more explaining and a few more facts for the readers to clearly understand the effects of planetary heating on the economic system. This article will be hard to understand for the people who are non clear on the existent construct of planetary heating. The author needs to place the procedure before giving its effects. The argument: Concepts sing clime In the construct of clime alteration high temperatures are called interglacial periods and low temperatures are called glacial periods. One theory is that this addition in temperature is merely impermanent. It is an interglacial period and glacial period is still due while the 2nd theory suggests that this is non true and the universe s clime overall in altering and there is a lasting addition in the clime. Both the theories have an equal opportunity of being right because there one time was a glacial period followed by the interglacial 1. Climate alteration can take bends but due to the anthropocentric activities the tendency of addition in temperature has besides been seen. There has been a toll on what people think about clime alteration and most of the people thought that clime alteration is happening due to anthropocentric procedures. 1 ) Degree centigrades: Userskhadija iqbalDesktoppew1.gif ( The Pew Forum On Religion and Public Life, spiritual groups positions on planetary heating, April 16, 2009 ) Astronomical theory on clime alteration The joust of the Earth comparative to its plane of travel about the Sun is what causes seasons. The hemisphere indicating toward the Sun is in summer, while the antonym hemisphere is in winter. The Earth makes one full orbit around the Sun each twelvemonth. The northern hemisphere is in summer in the left image, while 6 months subsequently, the southern hemisphere has summer, as in the centre image. If the Earth s axis were straight up and down comparative to the orbital plane, as in the right-hand image, there would be no seasons, since any given point at the top of the ambiance would have the same sum of sun each twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. Changes in the tilt of the Earth can alter the badness of the seasons more tilt means more terrible seasons heater summers and colder winters ; less joust means less terrible seasons ice chest summers and milder winters. The Earth wobbles in infinite so that its joust alterations between about 22 and 25 grades on a rhythm of about 41,000 old ages. It is the cool summers which are thought to let snow and ice to last from twelvemonth to twelvemonth in high latitudes, finally constructing up into monolithic ice sheets. There are positive feedbacks in the clime system every bit good, because an Earth covered with more snow reflects more of the Sun s energy into infinite, doing extra chilling. In add-on, it appears that the sum of Carbon Dioxide in the ambiance falls as ice sheets grow, besides adding to the chilling of the clime. The Earth s orbit around the Sun is non rather round, which means that the Earth is somewhat closer to the Sun at some times of the twelvemonth than others. The closest attack of the Earth to the Sun is called perihelion, and it now occurs in January, doing northern hemisphere winters somewhat milder. This alteration in timing of perihelion is known as the precession of the equinoxes, and occurs on a period of 22,000 old ages. 11,000 old ages ago, perihelion occurred in July, doing the seasons more terrible than today. The rotundity , or eccentricity, of the Earth s orbit varies on rhythms of 100,000 and 400,000 old ages, and this affects how of import the timing of perihelion is to the strength of the seasons. The combination of the 41,000 twelvemonth tilt rhythm and the 22,000 twelvemonth precession rhythms, plus the smaller eccentricity signal, affect the comparative badness of summer and winter, and are thought to command the growing and retreat of ice sheets. Cool summers in t he Northern hemisphere, where most of the Earth s land mass is located, appear to let snow and ice to prevail to the following winter, leting the development of big ice sheets over 100s to 1000s of old ages. Conversely, warmer summers shrink ice sheets by runing more ice than the sum roll uping during the winter. What is The Milankovitch Theory? The Milankovitch or astronomical theory of clime alteration is an account for alterations in the seasons which result from alterations in the Earth s orbit around the Sun. The theory is named for Serbian uranologist Milutin Milankovitch, who calculated the slow alterations in the Earth s orbit by careful measurings of the place of the stars, and through equations utilizing the gravitative pull of other planets and stars. He determined that the Earth wobbles in its orbit. The Earth s joust is what causes seasons, and alterations in the joust of the Earth alter the strength of the seasons. The seasons can besides be accentuated or modified by the eccentricity ( grade of rotundity ) of the orbital way around the Sun, and the precession consequence, the place of the solstices in the one-year orbit. What does The Milankovitch Theory say about future clime alteration? Orbital alterations occur over 1000s of old ages, and the clime system may besides take 1000s of old ages to react to orbital forcing. Theory suggests that the primary driver of ice ages is the entire summer radiation received in northern latitude zones where major ice sheets have formed in the yesteryear, near 65 grades north. Past ice ages correlate good to 65N summer sunstroke ( Imbrie 1982 ) . Astronomic computations show that 65N summer sunstroke should increase bit by bit over the following 25,000 old ages, and that no 65N summer sunstroke declines sufficient to do an ice age are expected in the following 50,000 100,000 old ages ( Hollan, Berger ) . Discussion: Global heating and nursery consequence So both the theories can be right but in my point of position the 2nd theory is right. One of the major grounds for this alteration in clime is planetary warming. Before acquiring on any other item we should take a expression on what precisely planetary heating is. The natural procedure of planetary heating is really indispensable for our lives. Without it, this planet Earth would non be liveable. This procedure keeps the temperature of earth warm plenty to populate in ; otherwise it would be stop deading cold and unliveable. Global heating and the nursery consequence is a procedure which describes the emanation of electromagnetic radiations ( EMR ) of different moving ridge lengths by the Sun. EMR include x beams, gamma beams, UV rays, seeable visible radiation, IR radiation etc. These beams are partially absorbed by the lower ambiance and the Earth, some absorbed by the upper ambiance and some are reflected back into the infinite. The gasses in the ambiance absorb a portion of thes e beams due to which the temperature of Earth becomes warm and liveable. That is the procedure of natural planetary heating. In the recent old ages due to the addition of nursery gasses in the ambiance, gasses such as H2O bluess, CO2, methane and chlorophloro Cs ( CFCs ) more of the radiations from the Sun are being absorbed by the ambiance and the temperature of Earth in increasing quickly. 2 ) Degree centigrades: Userskhadija iqbalDesktopglobal-warming-how.gif ( Konika Minolta, Future Generation Energy, Forus Tobe, November 16, 2009 ) There has been an addition in the nursery gasses due to anthropogenetic procedures. There has been an addition in the emanation of CO2 by 0.5 % per twelvemonth and contributes 50 to 60 % of anthropogenetic nursery consequence. Earlier it was 280 ppm, now it is 380 ppm and is predicted to be 450 ppm by 2050. Methane is emited by disintegrating refuse and biomass combustion. Chlorofluorocarbons are emitted by iceboxs and air conditioners and are more absorptive than CO2 and contributes 15 to 25 % of anthropogenetic nursery consequence. Azotic oxides are emitted by fossil fuel combustion and utilizing fertilisers and lend 5 % of anthropogenetic nursery consequence. 3 ) Degree centigrades: Userskhadija iqbalDesktopcauses02.jpg ( NEWS Fellows: by Noel Sheppard, June 12 2007 ) There have besides been statistical analysis sing the consequence of addition in CO2 on the addition in temperature and the consequences clearly show as in the diagram holla that an addition in CO2 emanation is straight related to the addition in temperature. As the sum of CO2 emanation has increased in the past few old ages the Earth s temperature has besides increases. This analysis can easy project that CO2 emanations due to anthropogenetic procedures has lead to an addition in planetary temperature. On this footing I will propose that anthropogenetic activities have a major portion in clime alteration. 4 ) Degree centigrades: Userskhadija iqbalDesktoppv-climate-change_large.jpg ( UNEP, GRID Arendal, J.R.Pelil, J.Jouzel, et Al, clime and atmospheric history of the past 420000 old ages from the voslok ice nucleus in Antarctica. ) Climate is a term that fundamentally states the addition in planetary temperature. Harmonizing to the surveies, from the twelvemonth 1880 till the twelvemonth 2000 on an norm at that place has been a rise in the planetary temperature. The 5-year mean in the temperature anomalousness ( C grades ) started at -0.2 in 1880 and in 2000 it reached 0.47. There have been fluctuations in it. At around 1909 it went even below -0.3 grades. It was the lowest in this twelvemonth. It is the highest in the twelvemonth 2000 at 0.47 grades. On an norm we can see in the graph holla that there has been an increasing tendency. 5 ) Degree centigrades: Userskhadija iqbalDesktopGlobal_Climate_Change_Policy_and_Budget_Review-1.gif ( Zedomax ) Impacts of clime alteration Global heating will hold serious impacts on the environment and on society. Higher temperatures will do a thaw of ice in Greenland and Antarctica. This will speed up the rise of sea degree. The velocity at which planetary heating is expected to happen in the twenty-first century is faster than most works and animate being species will be able to get by with. Some will accommodate but others will endure and may go nonextant. Global heating will impact agribusiness. New harvests will be able to be grown in countries that are presently excessively cold to back up them. However, more plagues and diseases may countervail any benefits higher temperatures may hold. Water resources will besides be affected. Some reservoirs may dry up if temperature additions, particularly if rainfall besides decreases. Rising sea degrees may foul fresh groundwater supplies with salt H2O. Global heating will besides impact human wellness. There may be more heat-related unwellnesss in hotter summers, and increased take a breathing jobs as higher temperatures increase air pollution in metropoliss, cut downing air quality. The malaria mosquito may besides be able to distribute to other parts of the universe where it is presently excessively cold to last and engender. More utmost conditions, for illustration storms, inundations and drouths will hold terrible impacts on the environment and on society. The poorest people in society will unluckily be those least able to get by with the impacts of planetary heating. Green house gases stay can remain in the ambiance for an sum of old ages runing from decennaries to 100s and 1000s of old ages. No affair what we do, planetary heating is traveling to hold some consequence on Earth. As northern states warm, disease transporting insects migrate North, conveying pestilence and disease with them. Indeed some scientists believe that in some states thanks to planetary heating, malaria has non been to the full eradicated. As the temperature of oceans rises, so will the chance of more frequent and stronger hurricanes. We saw in this in 2004 and 2005. Although some countries of Earth will go wetting agent due to planetary heating, other countries will endure serious drouths and heat moving ridges. Africa will have the worst of it, with more terrible drouths besides expected in Europe. Water is already a perilously rare trade good in Africa, and harmonizing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, planetary heating will worsen the conditions and could take to struggles and war Most of the effects of anthropogenetic planetary heating wo nt be good. And these effects spell one thing for the states of the universe: economic effects. Hurricanes cause one million millions of dollars in harm, diseases cost money to handle and command and struggles exacerbate all of these. The ice caps-melting is a four-pronged danger. First, it will raise sea degrees. There are 5,773,000 three-dimensional stat mis of H2O in ice caps, glaciers, and lasting snow. Harmonizing to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, if all glaciers melted today the seas would lift about 230 pess. Fortunately, that s non traveling to go on all in one spell! But sea degrees will lift. Second, runing ice caps will throw the planetary ecosystem out of balance. The ice caps are fresh H2O, and when they melt they will desalt the ocean, or in apparent English do it less salty. The desalination of the gulf current will sleep together up ocean currents, which regulate temperatures. The watercourse closure or abnormality would chill the country around north-east America and Western Europe. Luckily, that will decelerate some of the other effects of planetary heating in that country! Third, temperature rises and altering landscapes in the Arctic Circle will jeopardize several species of animate beings. Merely the most adaptable will last. Fourth, planetary heating could snowball with the ice caps gone. Ice caps are white, and reflect sunshine, much of which is reflected back into infinite, farther chilling Earth. If the ice caps melt, the lone reflector is the ocean. Darker colourss absorb sunshine, farther warming the Earth. 6 ) Degree centigrades: Userskhadija iqbalDesktopimpacts-mindmap.jpg ( Learning basicss, Battling Global Warming Mind Map ) If climate alteration is such a large issue, so what are we making about it? Our experts are non incognizant of the drastic effects of clime alteration. They have taken it into history and are doing attempts in halting it from happening. Many organisations have been formed which are working on this instance. The authoritiess measure the emanations of nursery gasses in their states and signifier Torahs in order to diminish them. Many planetary organisations are working on protecting the environment in order to halt or at least lessening planetary heating. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC or FCCC ) is an international environmental pact produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ) , informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14, 1992. The aim of the pact is to stabilise nursery gas concentrations in the ambiance at a degree that would forestall unsafe anthropogenetic intervention with the clime system. The pact itself sets no compulsory bounds on nursery gas emanations for single states and contains no enforcement mechanisms. In that sense, the pact is considered lawfully non-binding. Alternatively, the pact provides for updates ( called protocols ) that would put compulsory emanation bounds. The chief update is the Kyoto Protocol, which has become much better known than the UNFCCC itself. The UNFCCC was opened for signature on May 9, 1992, after an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee produced the text of the Framework Convention as a study following its meeting in New York from April 30 to May 9, 1992. It entered into force on March 21, 1994. As of December 2009, UNFCCC had 192 parties. One of its first undertakings was to set up national nursery gas stock lists of nursery gas ( GHG ) emanations and remotions, which were used to make the 1990 benchmark degrees for accession of Annex I states to the Kyoto Protocol and for the committedness of those states to GHG decreases. Updated stock lists must be on a regular basis submitted by Annex I states. The UNFCCC is besides the name of the United Nations Secretariat charged with back uping the operation of the Convention, with offices in Haus Carstanjen, Bonn, Germany. From 2006 to 2010 the caput of the secretariat was Yvo de Boer ; on May 17, 2010 his replacement, Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica has been named. The Secretariat, augmented through the parallel attempts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , aims to derive consensus through meetings and the treatment of assorted schemes. The parties to the convention have met yearly from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties ( COP ) to measure advancement in covering with clime alteration. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established lawfully adhering duties for developed states to cut down their nursery gas emanations. ( Climate Leaders ) ( 2 ) Other organisations working for the improvement of environment include: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) LEADS Pakistan UNEP Different NGOs around the universe Green peace organisation And there are many more. Decision After all the above statements, information and facts I can state that clime alteration is existent. It is happening all around the universe impacting everyone and every state. Its effects are risky. It is happening due to anthropocentric procedures. Peoples are non incognizant of it and many are taking stairss to forestall it but more rigorous actions and policies are required. REFERENCE Section Picture: THIS IS A WEBSITE ( The Pew Forum On Religion and Public Life, spiritual groups positions on planetary heating, April 16, 2009 ) Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //pewforum.org/Science-and-Bioethics/Religious-Groups-Views-on-Global-Warming.aspx THIS IS A WEBSITE ( Konika Minolta, Future Generation Energy, Forus Tobe, November 16, 2009 ) Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.4us2be.com/environment/global-warming/ THIS IS AN ONLINE NEWS WEBSITE ( NEWS Fellows: by Noel Sheppard, June 12 2007 ) Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //newsbusters.org/node/13388 THIS IS A Report ( UNEP, GRID Arendal, J.R.Pelil, J.Jouzel, et Al, clime and atmospheric history of the past 420000 old ages from the voslok ice nucleus in Antarctica ) THIS IS A WEBSITE ( Zedomax ) Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //zedomax.com/blog/2007/03/10/does-the-internet-cause-globalwarming/ 6 ) THIS IS AN ORGANISATION Learning basicss, Battling Global Warming Mind Map Link: hypertext transfer protocol: //learningfundamentals.com.au/resources/combating-global-warming-mind-map/ Articles for literature reappraisal: Brandon King on Monday, 10 May 2010, ( United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2009-01-14. ) ( Climate Leaders. Lead India. 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2009 ) Astronomical theory on clime alteration: NOAA orbiter and information service. National environmental orbiter, informations and information service ( NESDIS ) NOAA palaeoclimatology NCDC ( National Climate Data Centre )

Aviation and the Global Atmosphrer Report Essay

Aviation and the Global Atmosphrer Report - Essay Example In 2004 the UK ranked number six in the world league of tourism earnings, and tourism is a major component of the UK economy, accounting for 3.5% of UK GDP. The tourism industry directly supports 1.4 million jobs, or some 5% of total UK employment and one fifth of all international air passengers in the world are on flights to or from a UK airport. Airports are critical for the development of local and regional economies. They generate employment, open up wider markets and attract businesses to an area. They are also increasingly important transport hubs, particularly for the logistics industry. But Air travel is the world's fastest growing source of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which cause climate change. The huge increase in aircraft pollution is largely due to the rapid growth in air traffic. This means increasing airport capacity, more flights, more pollution and increasingly crowded airspace. People living near airports have long suffered from aircraft noise, traffic co ngestion and air pollution. Indeed communities around airports have been concerned about these issues for years. Aircraft emissions can also have a significant effect at ground level. Air and ground traffic at major airports can lead to pollution levels as high as city centers. Several steps have been taken by the various governments and airports to mitigate these impacts of air traffic. New airports policy specifically addresses how harmful greenhouse gases from aircraft will be reduced and that adequate resources are put into encouraging alternatives to flying. But people around airports are more concerned about environmental impacts and protesting even expansion of airports. Manchester airport in UK experienced the same kind of protest. But when we analyzed the cost-benefits of developments especially social and environmental costs and loss of economic activities, it clearly shows that though aviation may cause greenhouse gases emission but have not established yet the quantity o f adverse impacts whereas economic losses could be quantified. So the more sustainable developments are recommended and pursued by the airports and the governments equally. Introduction: The aviation industry is defined as those activities that are directly dependent on transporting people and goods by air to from and within. This covers airline and airport operations and includes scheduled and chartered flights for passengers and freight, general aviation, aircraft maintenance, air traffic control, and activities directly serving air-passengers, such as check in baggage handling and on-site retail and catering facilities. In an increasingly globalize economy the aviation industry is a vital element of the UK's transport infrastructure. Benefits of aviation industry growth: The aviation industry directly contributed 11.04 billion pound to UK GDP in 2004 and employed 186,000 people. Over 520,000 jobs in UK in total depend on the aviation industry. Visitors arriving by air contribute over 12 billion pound a year to